Books

• Print Book
• Print Book with Multiple Authors
• Print Book with an Editor
• Reference Book: Article in an Encyclopedia

Why Citing?
Research is not only the collection of information on a particular subject or problem, but also the evaluation and discussion of the material found. Whenever a work is referred to by quoting, or ideas or language are obtained from it, ethics requires to acknowledge this by citing the work. Passing off somebody else's ideas as one's own constitutes plagiarism.

Journals

• Print Journal Article
• Journal Article in a Database
• Journal Article on the Web

Magazines

• Print Magazine Article
• Magazine Article in a Database

Websites

Citations in the Text

Citing
When you write a paper and you refer to, quote or use words or ideas from somebody else's work in your paper you are required to indicate this work by citing it. Citations are usually incorporated into the text of the paper. Sources cited in the text also have to be included in the bibliography.

Footnotes
Footnotes are placed at the bottom of the page. According to the American Heritage College Dictionary a footnote is "a note at the bottom of a page of a book or manuscript that comments on (...) a designated part of the text."

Bibliography
A bibliography (list of works cited) is an alphabetical list of sources referred to and cited in a paper. The bibliography is the last page of a paper.

There are a number of rules according to which footnotes and bibliographies have to be formatted. The two most common styles for those rules were established by MLA (Modern Language Association) and APA (American Psychological Association).

Books on APA in the BMCC Library

Szuchman, L. T. (1999). Writing with style: APA style made easy. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Pub.

Amato, C. J. (2002). The world's easiest guide to using APA. Corona: Stargazer Co.

Websites on APA

APA Style - Reference Examples for Electronic Source Materials. (2003). Retrieved Sept. 23, 2004, from American Psychological Association Web site: http://www.apastyle.org/
elecsource.html

OWL at Purdue: Using APA Format. (2004). Retrieved Sept. 23, 2004, from Purdue University Online Writing Lab Web site: http://owl.english. purdue.edu/
handouts/research/ r_apa.html

Madison Writing Center Writer's Handbook. (2004). Retrieved Sept. 23, 2004, from University of Wisconsin-Madison Web site: http://www.wisc.edu/writing/
Handbook/DocAPA.html